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Chapter 11
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Evolution of Strategies

From genetic inheritance to cultural evolution

Colony-Level Selection

Individual ants don't reproduce. Colonies do. This means selection operates at the colony level:

  • Colonies with better foraging strategies produce more reproductives
  • Those reproductives found new colonies
  • Successful strategies spread through the population
  • Evolution optimizes collective behavior, not individual behavior

Cultural Transmission

Gordon observed that colony strategies persist beyond genetic transmission:

  • Pheromone trails encode successful paths (environmental memory)
  • Nest architecture embodies accumulated solutions
  • New ants learn by following established patterns
  • This is a form of cultural evolution

Strategy Diversity

Neighboring colonies in the same environment often have different strategies:

  • Some forage early, some forage late
  • Some are aggressive, some are cautious
  • Some specialize, some generalize

This diversity is maintained because different strategies succeed in different conditions.

Application: Pattern Evolution

Our colony implements similar evolution:

  • Patterns that succeed get reinforced (positive feedback)
  • Patterns that fail decay (negative feedback)
  • Cross-mission transfer spreads successful strategies
  • Colony "births" sub-colonies that inherit superhighways

We're not programming strategies—we're evolving them.

"The colony's fitness is not the sum of individual fitnesses. The colony is the unit of selection."
— Evolutionary biology principle